Terminology

Analytical Terminolgy

• Connote/ signifies/ symbolies - imply or suggest (an idea or feeling) in addition to the literal or primary meaning.
• Denote - shows something, signifies that...etc ... Specific meaninggg
• Generic Convention - Conventions you would expect to see for each genre. Example: In a horror movie you would expect to see a villain and blood. In a science fiction film you would expect to see aliens, abstract costumes, rockets etc.
• Entropy - Unpredictability. A text is entropic if it contains unpredictable elements.
• Redundancy - Predictable. Redundancy is the result of high predictability.
• Dominant - When a text is read by the audience in a way that is intended by the creators of the text...?
• Mise-en-scene - Costumes, location, lighting, editing, sound etc
• Anchors -

Magazine Terminology

• Masthead - Title of a magazine
• Puff - An incentive which is placed onto a cover to make something stand out.
• Pug - Something to catch the readers eye. Usually placed in either the top left or right hand corners.
• House Style - The general layout and presentation of a magazine (should be shown throughout the entire magazine).
• Medium Close Up (photography) - Shows the face clearly but not close (can still see shoulders).
• Mode of Address - How the text speaks to the audience and how it involves them. e.g Direct mode of address, informal, formal
• Bleed - The area that will be trimmed off when you send something to print.

Music Video Terminology

• Genre - Category or type of media text
• Narrative - The story that is being told & the technique used to tell the story.
• Star Image - The representation a celebrity maintains for its target audience, making them recognisable as a 'brand'
• Amplification (Goodwin) -  Conventions are shown in the video, uses both performance and narrative 
• Disjuncture (Goodwin) - Completely ignores the content of the song and the genre of the music.
• Illustrate (Goodwin) - Shows the literal meaning of the song lyrics.
• Gratification -

Digipak Terminology

• Serif -  a slight projection finishing off a stroke of a letter in certain typefaces.
• Tracking - Letter spacing?...
• Kerning - the process of adjusting the spacing between characters in a proportional font, usually to achieve a visually pleasing result.
• Coherence - Consistency

Print Advert Terminology

• Images
• Quotations
• Brand Identity - The visible elements of a brand (colours, fonts, logos, symbol, name, design etc) that make something recognisable.
• Promote
• Exclusivity - Offer more value
• Binary -

Random Terminology

• Analepsis - Flashbacks
• Prolepsis - Falshforwards
• Media Language - The technological aspects of media - How they create meaning
• Institution - The creators/or owners of a company.
• Representation - How a group or idea is presented to the audience.
• Audience - The consumers of the media product. 'prosumers'
• Ideology - Features and values that are communicated within the media. Ideas and values = biased
• Streaming - Transferring data such as audio and films via the internet.
• Crowdfunding - Funding a project or venture by raising money from a large number of people.
• Web 2.0 - Websites that creators use to connect to their audience. Allows collaboration.
• 150 million - The amount of money usually used to make a film.
• Viral Marketing - It has spread all over.
• Cultural Capital - Knowledge about media culture - could be very specific
• Long Tail - Niche - Economic Theory - Chris Anderson
• Conglomerate - a company that owns numerous companies in various mass media; i.e. television, radio, publishing, motion picture, and the Internet.
• Mainstream
• Indie - Independent
• Digital Distribution -
• 
  

Chris Anderson's Longtail Theory

- In 2013, iTunes sold over 25 billion songs.


- Anderson suggests the ITunes is a prime example of business that is taking advantage of the new entertainment economy as it embraces the long tail along with the big hits. This is a quote from Anderson in 2004 - “With no shelf space to pay for and, in the case of purely digital services like iTunes, no manufacturing costs and hardly any distribution fees, a miss sold is just another sale, with the same margins as a hit. A hit and a miss are on equal economic footing, both just entries in a database called up on demand, both equally worthy of being carried.”


- By selling the mainstream hits and attracting costumers, the iTunes store uses the hits to recommend and raise more of an interest to the unpopular songs in the Long Tail.

Spotify information

Spotify is a digital music streaming service that allows anyone access to listen to millions of songs for free. If you pay and become a member you are able to use and listen to muisc offline when and wherever you would like to. As well as having access to Spotify on your computer, you can also access Spotify on yout smartphone or a device with internet access using the app.

Spotify mainly focouses on the distribution of music. However it also focouses on the exhibation of music as there are adverts on that are played after listening to a certain amount of songs. These adverts advertise music that you can listen to on Spotify or to tell you which artists have released a new single/album that you should listen to and buy.

You can access Spotify on most devices with an Internet connection that can download the app e.g laptop, smartphone, tablet, iPod. If you are not a member of Spotify and don't pay money then you need the internet to use Spotify all the time. You also have to listen to an advert after listening to a certain number of songs. If you're a member and pay (£4.99 per month for Unlimited and 9.99 per month for Premium) then you can listen to Spotify offline as long as you have already downloaded the app. You also don't get interrupted by adverts.

Spotify is owned by Daniel Ek and was founded in April 2006 and launched on the 7th of October 2008.  The last time Spotify counted the amount of users in March 2013, it had 6 million paying subscribers.

Deadpool marketing and Web 2.0

- Marvel franchise
- Reboot of the character (appeared in X men)
- Not like stereotypical superheroes --> unique/unconventional but also poses a risk to distributor
- Partly due to the 'risk' that budget was only $58million (blockbuster = $150million)
- Distributed by 20th Century Fox
- Rated a 15 in UK and R in America (17+), so not family friendly 
- the biggest opening ever for an R-rated movie with $130million in opening weekend
- Opened at the cinemas on 12th Feb 2016 in America (valentine's)
- In total has made: $620million at the box-office


http://www.wired.com/2016/02/deadpool-marketing/

The official Deadpool Instagram page

- 659 thousand followers

-115 posts

- Stills from the movie

- Promotionals for the film

- reposts from Ryan Reynolds

-Re-post fanart 

Benefit to audience: 

re-posting of fanart from fans makes the fans feel more involved in the film and special because they feel like they are valued and being recognised.

Benefit to institution: 

People like and share posts from the official instagram on their own personal accounts which means more people hear about the film and hence are more likely to watch it.  

Theory:

In some ways this example supports Mihailidids because it shows people are using media literacy in order to interact with the film, by liking, re-posting and commenting on posts. In other ways Mihailidis' theory isn't supported because fans are interacting with the film for pleasure and because they like it, not for any citizenship reasons or to better their community.

Viral Marketing Campaign- 12 days of Deadpool

- Another marketing strategy that was used by the film was viral marketing

- In the countdown to Christmas a website was released which would be updated each day and culminating in a new trailer for the film on Christmas day. 

- Examples included: 

a page from the script annotated by the character himself

- The release of Deadpool emojis (so many people rushed to download them, the servers broke!)

- The final trailer on 25th December (which has 1.3 million views):

Benefit to audience: The idea of exclusive content, e.g. the script page, makes the film seem more personal because they are getting 'more' from it. The Deadpool emojis create a way for fans to express their love of the film.

Benefit to institution: the creation of a count-down to the main trailer creates more buzz and hype around the film, meaning there are more likes and shares on social media, meaning more publicity and hopefully box office.

Theory:
This goes against Gauntlett's ideas of more people making things, as the fans are instead watching and reacting to professionally made content, not making it themselves. It also goes against Keen's cult of the amateur.

Twitter https://mobile.twitter.com/deadpoolmovie?p=s
- 400 thousand followers
-Posts as of they were the character, making the film 'come to life' also causing a bit of a stir and causing controversy because some of the posts are quite rude (hilarious). This would cause hype and get people talking about the movie--> the shock factor

- Interact with fans of the film, again making them feel more a part of the film and special.

Netflix Revision

Student Revision Notes
Media area	The Past	Example	How has the internet/ technology facilitated this	Impact on media areas	Key terminology	Theory and relevant terminology	The future
Film industry, Netflix and film distribution	Films had to rely on box office sales in order to make money. This posed a significant risk- no guarantee film would do well.	Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: The Green Legend. Netflix made a distributor- finance deal with the Weinstein Co. In return for providing money to fund the film, Netflix was given exclusive distribution rights to the film. With it being released simultaneously on Netflix as in IMAX cinemas on the 26th February 2016	Audience are able to access Netflix via the internet, thanks to wi-fi, 3G, 4g. Also technological convergence has meant the audience could watch this film from different devices as soon as it premiered, e.g. smart phone.	Films get a definite amount of money for the film without having to totally depend on box office. Led to a boycott of some cinemas for the film because believe audience are less likely to go to the cinema to watch it, when they can do so at home straight away. For example American cinema chain Regal Entertainment Group refused to show it.	Production Digital distribution Technological convergence	Chris Anderson- could result in a growth in the long tail. Possibility for more niche products because it provides a safety net for the producers.	Likely to see more of this with simultaneous digital distribution. It benefits the film companies as they have an element of safety which box office does not provide, as well as allowing the audience to watch via different devices from the premiere date and not have to wait. Could lead to a reduction of piracy, because films are cheaper.

Student Revision Notes
Media Area	The Past	Example	How has the internet/technology facilitated this?	Impact on media area	Key terminology	Theory and relevant terminology	The future
Netflix & film production	Mostly major film companies/conglomerates had the funds and tech to make films, maybe some smaller studios. Not a lot of indie stuff.	Special Correspondents	Streaming is becoming incredibly popular and profitable.	Netflix pre-bought global distribution rights for $12M. This=Netflix exclusive, despite Sony buying rights for cinema distribution.	Streaming conglomerates (Digital) distribution	Gauntlett-bypassing media ‘gods’ -Sony’s pretty ticked off. Long tail	More and more streaming service-exclusive films are likely- Netflix keeps getting bigger. Audiences like convenience, plus it’s probably cheaper than buying movie tickets.

Netflix & Film Distribution

o   Netflix & Film Distribution

Digital film distribution & streaming has changed the way audiences consume films. In the past film distribution was solely controlled by institutions they decided: ·         which films got released ·         where they were released ·         when they were released (day, time, how long for) New business model for in the digital age – Gauntlett’s idea of traditional media, in this case film and new media (digital distribution) existing side by side. Gauntlett viewed this as a positive for audiences e.g. the removal of the fixed schedule (cinema timings) with VOD affording audiences more choice / power as to how and when people watch the films. It’s important to remember though that ultimately, Netflix control what we watch (see notes below on distribution deals).  All forms of media are migrating online - including the film industry. Arguably this the challenges Gauntlett’s ideas of the resurgence in making of things as all that has happened is traditional media have just found new ways of profiting in the online age. In addition Neflix’s business model  challenges the ideas of the great levelling – instead we are seeing the same monopoly of ownership online that has always existed offline. Technology convergence & increased connectivity has facilitated the process of digital distribution. Audiences buy into the freedom and choices this gives them. One could argue that this choice / power is an illusion (see point above). Supports Anderson’s idea of economic growth of niche – The Long Tail. Streaming is viewed as a tool to attempt to combat piracy.

Netflix & Distribution

Netflix currently has exclusive "pay TV window" deals with major and mini-major studios. The "pay TV" deals in essence, give Netflix exclusive streaming rights and are not distinct from the distribution rights held by traditional pay television services, which are also effectively prohibited from obtaining first-run linear television rights with these deals.

Titles from:

·         DreamWorks Animation

·         Open Road Films

·         FilmDistrict

·         The Weinstein Company

·         Sony Pictures Animation

·         Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. This includes Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Disneynature, Pixar, Lucasfilm and Marvel Studios.

·         Epix signed a five-year streaming deal with Netflix in which for the first two years, first-run as well as back catalog content from Epix was exclusive to Netflix.

·         On January 14, 2013, Netflix signed an agreement with Time Warner subsidiaries Turner Broadcasting System and Warner Bros. Television to distribute content from Cartoon Network, Warner Bros. Animation, as well as TNT's revival of the drama Dallas beginning in March 2013.

However: Licenses expire over time, meaning that titles can disappear with little warning.

Universal, Paramount and Lionsgate have all ended their former deals with the company

The benefits for the audience of film distribution deals

·         They receive unlimited access to films and tv shows uploaded to Netflix.

·         They get a competitive price as Netflix is in competition with other streaming websites such as Amazon prime.

·         As Netflix knows what they watch it can recommend films and tv programmes based on the customers previous watch history creating more interest.

·         It’s cheaper than most, $9.99 to the basic package, to $15.99 for ultra-HD.

·         Original series, like House of Cards

·         Unlimited access to films

·         Vast range of films, and recommendations to the user

·         Audiences benefit from this as they are getting to watch all the films they want from big film industries for half the price if they were buying them separately as Netflix’s pays most the load

·         Audiences benefit from having access to films with more choice for less money than if they were to by the films individually

Benefits to Netflix

·         They can collect data from what their audience watch in order to make deals with other media conglomerates.

·         Benefit to institutions as they always have somewhere to stream their films and make them accessible for audience to watch.  Another way for them to make money through their films rather than just selling dvds or copies.

Netflix benefits as they are gaining money if they have successful films on the website it will therefore attract more money which they are using to reinvest e.g original film production

Netflix and Fim Production

o   Netflix & Original Film Production

Netflix first original movie, a sequel to Ang Lee’s martial-arts epic Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon -

Original production  = new territory for the Internet-streaming firm.

Netflix partnered with independent producer the Weinstein Co. to release Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon: The Green Legend.

The film will also premiere at the same time on some global IMAX theatres — but it will not hit mainstream cinemas, Netflix said.

The film was released in the United States on Netflix and in 10-15 IMAX screens on February 26, 2016

The deal between the streaming service and the production house threatens to upset to the traditional model of releasing movies: put them out first in cinemas and then wait months before making them available on DVD and streaming services, including Netflix.

The pact could have a huge effect on already dwindling box office numbers, with the option to watch a film straight away on Netflix negating the need to head to a cinema (unless you're determined to get the full, immersive experience).

“Beasts of No Nation,” releasing on October 16 on Netflix, and starring Idris Elba, the film tells the story of a child soldier torn from his family during a civil war in an African nation.

Following “Beasts of No Nation,” Netflix says it will release the first of four Adam Sandler films with the launch of “The Ridiculous Six” on December 11, 2015. While Sandler can still churn out hits, his film releases are hit-or-miss. For every box office winner, there are a couple of bombs. However, as DVD and video-on-demand releases, Sandler movies do well. That means they’ll likely work for Netflix’s viewer base, too.